Academic Procrastination, Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy in University Students: Comparative Study in Two Peruvian Cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the relationship between academic procrastination, self-esteem and self-efficacy in undergraduate students in two Peruvian cities. The population consisted of 13,767 students, from which a sample of 1,494 was extracted. The subjects were selected from eight universities: five private and one public, from the city of Metropolitan Lima; and two universities, one public and one private, from the city of Arequipa. The instruments used were the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA), the Scale of Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy in Academic Situations (EAPESA) and the Rosemberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results allow us to conclude that, in terms of perceived effectiveness, the relationship is slightly higher in the city of Arequipa, reiterating this with respect to academic procrastination, where the relationship is also slightly higher. Finally, with regard to self-esteem, the trend continues to indicate a greater relationship in Arequipa
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".