DNA Protection against Damages Induced by Low-Energy Electrons: Absolute Cross Sections for Arginine–DNA Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Histone proteins protect cellular DNA from radiation damage. We find that arginine, a major component of histone proteins, protects DNA from lesions induced by low-energy secondary electrons generated by radiation. Thin films of 7 ± 2, 12 ± 4, and 17 ± 4 nm thicknesses containing arginine–plasmid–DNA complexes in molar ratio of [Arg 2+ ]/[PO 4 – ] = 16 are irradiated in vacuum with 5 and 10 eV electrons. Damage yields are measured for base damages, cross-links, single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks, and other clustered lesions. Most damage results from dissociative electron attachment. Absolute cross sections (ACSs) for all damage types are extracted from yields at different film thicknesses. Compared with bare DNA, these ACSs are reduced by factors of up to 4.4 in Arg–DNA complexes. SSB protection is the highest. Potentially lethal cluster lesions decrease by factors of up to 2.2. ACSs are critical input parameters in modeling radiation-induced damage and assessing protection factors under simulated cellular conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".