Regional involvement in EU trade policy: what remains after politicization?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wallonia demonstrated the importance of regional actors for EU trade policy. What remains, however, of regional involvement when politicization subsides, as after CETA and TTIP? Our paper provides a framework that allows a prediction of involvement after politicization. It posits that the interaction of three factors is decisive: politicization (short-term), preferences (medium-term), institutions (long-term). The more regional actors dispose of institutionalised channels of voice and the more they develop endogenous preferences, the less impact for politicization. We demonstrate this interplay in the cases of Austria, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Italy. Whereas regional involvement in Spain and Italy is driven near-exclusively by politicization, the German and Austrian Länder will remain cooperatively involved even in its absence. The Belgian regions, in turn, are in a process of gradual institutionalization. Our study demonstrates that regional actors remain a force to be reckoned with in EU trade policy, but some more so than others.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".