Investigation of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-BaO-GeO<sub>2</sub> glasses for ultrafast laser inscription
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the perspective of developing robust mid-infrared (mid-IR) integrated photonic devices, barium-gallium-germanium (BGG) oxide glasses are strong candidates among other mid-IR glasses. Indeed, compared to fluoride, tellurite or chalcogenide glasses, BGG glasses present the highest thermal and chemical stabilities, while transmitting light up to 6 µm. In parallel to this, technological advances in ultrafast direct laser writing (UDLW)-based devices are driving the development of novel photonic glasses. Specifically, there is a need to identify the most efficient mid-infrared transmitting BGG glass compositions for sustaining the UDLW process. In this article, we thoroughly investigate the BGG physicochemical properties through absorption and Raman spectroscopies, refractive index, density, and glass transition temperature measurements in two relevant glass series: one via a Ga 3+ /Ge 4+ ratio fixed to 1 and a barium content varying from 25 to 40 cationic percent, the other via a 2Ba 2+ /Ga 3+ ratio fixed to 1 and a germanium content varying from 20 to 80 cationic percent. In the meantime, we explore the photosensitivity of these glasses under UDLW. Our findings reveal the valuable role of both barium and gallium ions, notably through their concentration, structural stabilization sites and viscosity influence. Finally, we demonstrate the fabrication of an 8.2 cm-long UDLW-induced waveguide with propagation losses of < 0.3 dB.cm -1 at 1550 nm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it