Urinary Symptoms and their Impact on Young Women’s Sexual Function and Quality of Life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sexuality and urinary function have received scarce research attention in younger women. In this cross-sectional survey study, prevalence, type, severity, and impact of urinary incontinence (UI), and its relationship with sexuality was investigated in 261 nulliparous women aged 18-27 (M = 19.08 years). Modules of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index assessed UI, sexual function, and quality of life. Thirty percent of the sample experienced UI, and 26% reported sexual function problems. A significant small negative correlation was found between UI and sexual lubrication (p = .017). Forty-three percent of participants in the total sample reported that they were bothered by urinary symptoms, and 13% avoided sexual activity due to urinary symptoms. Of those classified as incontinent, 90% were bothered by their symptoms. Urinary symptoms are impactful on the quality of life and sexual lives of young women, but despite their high prevalence, they remain a largely understudied and undertreated issue in this age group. Further research is crucial for improving awareness and access to treatment for this underserved population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".