Abstract 11036: Aortic Valve Calcification is Associated With an Increased Risk of Mortality in Patients With Low Flow Low Gradient Moderate Aortic Stenosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Aortic Valve Calcification (AVC) measured by computed tomography (C-CT) and Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) are both important when determining AS severity in low flow low gradient (LFLG) AS. It is generally accepted that AS is moderate if aortic mean gradient is <40mmHg on DSE and AVC is not severe. However, recent studies suggest that patients with moderate AS may have a worse outcome than expected when treated medically. Objective: To examine the correlation between AVC and mortality in patients with LFLG moderate AS on both DSE and C-CT when treated medically. Method: 88 Patients with LFLG AS (aortic mean gradient <40 mmHg, aortic valve area <1.0 cm 2 & stroke volume index (SVi) <35ml/m 2 ) and moderate AS on DSE and C-CT were identified from two prospective studies. AVC ratio was calculated as AVC divided by the sex-specific AVC threshold for severity; 2000 AU in males and 1200 AU in females. Results: Optimal threshold of AVC ratio to predict 2-year mortality was 0.68 on ROC-curve (AUC=0.72).Patients were stratified according to AVC ratio: 51 (58%) presented with AVC ratio <0.7 and 37 (42%) with AVC ratio 0.7–1.0. 2 year survival was lower in the latter group (79.5±0.1 vs 46.9±0.1% - Figure 1). Age (78±9 vs 75±11, p=0.32), sex distribution (females 33 vs 41%, p=0.49) and DSE SVi increase (18±24 vs 18±12%, p=0.94) were similar in both groups. Patients with AVC ratio <0.7 presented with higher LVEF (50±15 vs 44±15%, p=0.08) and lower aortic mean gradient at rest (20±7 vs 23±6 mmHg, p=0.01) and during DSE (21±14 vs 29±15 mmHg, p=0.03). In univariate Cox regression AVC ratio >0.7 was associated with mortality: HR 2.91 [1.43-5.9], p=0.003. AVC ratio >0.7 remained associated with mortality after adjustment for LVEF, aortic mean gradient, age and sex: HR 2.66 [1.24-5.7], p=0.012. Especially in patients with reduced LVEF: HR 3.47 [1.49-8.09], p=0.004. Conclusion: In patients with LFLG moderate AS an AVC ratio > 0.7 is associated with increased risk of mid-term mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".