Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures, such as concrete gravity dams. Despite the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces, understanding of these factors remains very limited. This study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile loadings. Digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading (Brazilian tests). The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength, with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%. DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions (MTI) of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian test. The presence of these shear microcracks, which require more energy to break, resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian tests. In contrast, microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension, leading to a lower tensile strength. Spatiotemporal monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test, whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct tension. Due to different microcracking mechanisms, specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture surfaces. The results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".