Peter the Great’s scientific instruments in the collections of Kunstkamera
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The history of modern collections of MAE (Kunstkamera) RAS roots to Peter the Great’s private gatherings. However, the ascertainment of correlation of modern museum objects with the ones which were in the museum in the first quarter of the 18th century demands complicated research – work with the objects, archival documents and historiographical background. Results of this kind of work with scientific instruments are presented in the current article. The research leads to the conclusion that seven objects presented at modern expositions can be surely determined as originating from Peter the Great’s collections: the Great Gottorf (Academic) globe, armillary sphere, lens, two sundials, goniometer and protractor. Twenty-five more instruments can be also associated with Peter the Great’s collections, but the discovery of additional documentary evidence is hardly possible. They are compasses, telescopes, backstaff and a row of drawing instruments (compasses, protractors, rulers, angles, levels and pens). Some museum objects (such as B. Scott’s boussole and N. G. Chizhov’s sundial) came to the memorial Emperor’s cabinet in the second half of the 18th – first half of the 19th century by mistake, they could not be made in the first quarter of the 18th century.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".