Price and service-level decisions and channel coordination under disruption of social welfare responsibility degree
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Some special events such as adjustments of executives can cause the disruption of social welfare responsibility degree (SWRD for short) of firm's decision-maker, which may further influence the price and service-level decisions and supply chain coordination. However, in the field of supply chain management, there are very limited studies on SWRD disruption. Facing potential SWRD disruption, we develop game-theoretic models to investigate the price and service-level decisions and channel coordination in manufacturer-led and retailer-led supply chains. We find that: (1) if SWRD changes greatly, then a higher SWRD decreases retail price and raises service level; otherwise, these decisions are robust to its disruption; (2) after SWRD disruption, while the manufacturer-led supply chain can be coordinated by all-unit wholesale quantity discount contract with fixed service level and capacitated linear pricing contract with fixed service level, the retailer-led supply chain can be coordinated by revenue-responsibility-cost-sharing contract with extra side payment; and win-win situation for channel members can be achieved under coordination mechanisms; and (3) numerical results imply that the change in channel power structure may invert the effects of SWRD disruption on channel members' profits; and a higher SWRD may increase the win-win opportunity (cooperation) for channel members under coordination mechanisms. Moreover, with the consideration of extra demand disruptions caused by SWRD disruption, we surprisingly observe that if SWRD changes greatly, then a higher SWRD may raise retail price and service level; otherwise, only service level is robust to its disruption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".