Development of negative soil feedback by an invasive plant near the northern limit of its invaded range
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the Canadian subarctic, the non-native plantLinaria vulgarishas invaded human-disturbed soils in and around the town of Churchill, Manitoba (58.8ºN), but for decades has failed to spread into nearby tundra and taiga communities. One possible explanation for this stasis might be greater resistance by soil communities in uninvaded areas relative to areas where this plant has been long established; however, no local evidence for such plant-soil feedbacks yet exists. In one of the first studies to investigate the role of plant-soil feedbacks in an invasion at high latitudes, we plantedL. vulgarisin soil serially inoculated with live and sterilized field-collected soil that was sampled either from invaded or uninvaded plots within anthropogenically-disturbed areas, and measured plant performance (biomass) over three greenhouse iterations. We also conducted basic soil chemical analyses to determine whether pH, and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous contents differ between invaded and uninvaded areas. There was no initial difference in plant biomass between soil inoculation treatments in the first two iterations. However, by iteration 3, we found that sterilization significantly increasedL. vulgarisbiomass in invaded soils, indicating feedback gradually becomes more negative in invaded soils compared to uninvaded soils. Soil chemistry did not differ significantly between invaded and uninvaded soils, though there was a tendency for invaded soils to contain slightly more carbon and nitrogen. These results reject the possibility thanL. vulgarisis absent from uncolonized sites because their soil communities resist invasion. Instead, they provide evidence thatL. vulgarisis inhibited by plant-soil feedbacks in invaded soils, while feedbacks in native-dominated soils do not represent a barrier to further local spread. Thus, explanations for the restriction of this species to anthropogenically modified areas must lie elsewhere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".