Structural Behaviour of Shear-Connected Adjacent Precast Concrete Box Beam Bridges Subjected to AASHTO Truck Loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shear-connected box beam bridges have been extensively used in North America for their reduction in construction times and life cycle cost. Literature review revealed that the applied transverse vertical shear force, Vy, required to design the shear keys between beams subjected to AASHTO truck loading is yet unavailable. As such, a parametric study was carried out, using the Orthotropic Plate Theory, to obtain reliable Vy to design the shear keys. Although AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design Specifications provide equations for the fraction of truck loading carried by box beams, these equations do not cover the case of one-lane bridge cross-section, nor the effect of the concrete traffic barrier, built integrally with the exterior box beams. Therefore, a parametric study was conducted to determine the fraction of truck loading carried by the beams to evaluate such equations. The key parameters in the parametric study included bridge span and width, cross-sectional geometric properties, truck loading conditions and barrier stiffness. Results led to the development of design charts for Vy values in addition to alternative empirical equations. The study on the fraction of truck loading carried by beams showed that AASHTO-LRFD equations are conservative for bridges of two and more traffic lanes but not for one-lane bridges. As such, an empirical equation was developed for such bridge configuration. The study also showed that the fraction of truck loading carried by beams decreases significantly due to barrier stiffness. Thus, empirical equations for the effect of the barrier were deduced to assist engineers in economical design of new bridges and bridge rating.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".