Data-driven Stochastic Model for Quantifying the Interplay Between Amyloid-beta and Calcium Levels in Alzheimer's Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of extracellular amyloid-$β$ (Aβ) in senile plaques resulting in calcium (Ca^{+2}) dyshomeostasis is one of the primary symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Significant research efforts have been devoted in the past to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms driving Aβdeposition and Ca^{+2} dysregulation. To better understand this interaction, we report a novel stochastic model where we analyze the positive feedback loop between Aβand Ca^{+2} using ADNI data. A good therapeutic treatment plan for AD requires precise predictions. Stochastic models offer an appropriate framework for modelling AD since AD studies are observational in nature and involve regular patient visits. The etiology of AD may be described as a multi-state disease process using the approximate Bayesian computation method. So, utilizing ADNI data from $2$-year visits for AD patients, we employ this method to investigate the interplay between Aβand Ca^{+2} levels at various disease development phases. Incorporating the ADNI data in our physics-based Bayesian model, we discovered that a sufficiently large disruption in either Aβmetabolism or intracellular Ca^{+2} homeostasis causes the relative growth rate in both Ca^{+2} and Aβ, which corresponds to the development of AD. The imbalance of Ca^{+2} ions causes Aβdisorders by directly or indirectly affecting a variety of cellular and subcellular processes, and the altered homeostasis may worsen the abnormalities of Ca^{+2} ion transportation and deposition. This suggests that altering the Ca^{+2} balance or the balance between Aβand Ca^{+2} by chelating them may be able to reduce disorders associated with AD and open up new research possibilities for AD therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".