Island Studies Journal 8(2), Book reviews.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-lying island countries have become synonymous with climate change impacts.Even if they are not entirely inundated due to rising seas, changes which are detrimental, severe, and irreversible are expected to occur to their communities, so the islanders might need to move.Much has been written speculating and asking questions about the various social, political, and livelihood implications.Legal implications are much less studied, often with non-lawyers authoring pieces.To provide legal expertise regarding what happens to peoples, nations, and countries if their islands are no longer habitable under climate change, the Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University's Law School, USA, joined forces with the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to organize a conference in May 2011 in New York, on the theme "Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implications of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate".This book, with the same title, publishes several edited papers based on this conference's presentations.The editors and all lead authors, except for those of one chapter, are either lawyers or work in the law field.They include academics and practitioners, some who are both, as well as others who hail from an interdisciplinary background involving law.Lawyers from, or working directly with, island states are well-represented.A good balance is achieved between male and female authors, as well as a wide geographic scope of contributors.The seventeen chapters are divided into four sections.First, an editorial introduction offers an overview of the book plus, from the only non-lawyer lead author, a summary of scientific knowledge on climate change and sea-level rise.The next three sections cover the main content, divided into "Part II: Sovereignty and Territorial Concerns", "Part III: Resettlement Protections and Proposed Solutions", and "Part IV: Establishing Accountability", each comprising five chapters.Part II represents one of the most thorough, pragmatic, and creative discussions that I have seen on what the legal implications are for states that disappear.It is immensely sad to be reading such material, but somewhat heartening that there might be legal prospects for continuing a state structure or state-based access to resources in the absence of land set aside for that state.Due to the dearth of precedents, and the lack of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms for the suggested legal principles, islanders might not wish to be too optimistic about putting the principles into practice-but congratulations to the chapter authors for providing some possibilities.Islanders potentially displaced by climate change are discussed in Part III.Prospects for supporting displaced people include a human rights approach, a formal convention, the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) negotiations, international law, domestic law, and immigration policies.As with Part II, the extent of possibilities and the depth to which they are covered is impressive, again tempered by the fact that such discussion is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".