Robust Beamforming for IRS-Aided SWIPT in Cognitive Satellite and Terrestrial Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter proposes a robust beamforming (BF) scheme for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a cognitive satellite and terrestrial network (CSTN). The satellite network serves multiple earth stations through the multicast transmission, while the terrestrial network operating at the same spectrum implements the SWIPT through IRS-aided multicast technology. Assuming that the imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the minimum achievable rate of the information receivers (IRs), subject to the transmit power budget, achievable rate and harvesting energy requirements. To address this nonconvex problem, we propose a tight bound robust BF algorithm based on Lagrange duality and alternating optimization (AO) to jointly optimize the active and passive beamformers for the base station, satellite and IRS, respectively. Simulation results confirm the robustness and superiority of our proposed BF scheme over other related works.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".