Summer movements of marbled murrelets from Canada to Alaska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Knowledge of seasonal marine bird migration patterns is required to inform marine bird conservation and management efforts. We deployed solar-powered satellite transmitters to track the movements of threatened marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus during the breeding and post breeding periods. We tagged birds (n = 27) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, over 3 years (2014-2016) from 3 different marbled murrelet conservation regions as defined by the species’ recovery strategy. Of 4 tagged birds which provided movement data for more than 57 d, 3 (1 in each year) revealed long-distance movements from BC to Alaska, USA, during breeding or post-breeding periods. The 3 birds which moved northward originated from the 3 different conservation regions. We found limited support for the concept that birds tracked cooler waters as they headed northward. One bird remained in unusually warm waters near the capture sight in Desolation Sound in 2016. Importantly, the arrival of BC birds in Alaska during summer could contribute to at-sea survey estimates of marbled murrelet abundance during the Alaska breeding season, and their occcurence in Alaska has implications for BC populations with respect to anthropogenic threats in the marine habitat, including the potential for incidental take in gillnet fisheries and risks from oiling. Our results demonstrate connectivity between BC and Alaska marbled murrelet populations. Overall, tracking duration was relatively short, and locations were confined to the deployment areas in BC. Our results indicate capture and tagging impacted study individuals and may have contributed to increased mortality. Our research, coupled with that of others, suggests that long-distance northerly migrations patterns may not be unusual in Brachyramphus murrelets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.027 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".