Prevalence of anxiety and depression among celiac disease patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aim: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated intestinal condition with a 1% worldwide incidence caused by gluten sensitivity in a genetically predisposed individual. It manifests as gastrointestinal symptoms, malabsorption-related symptoms, and/or extra intestinal manifestations such as neuropsychiatric problems. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in celiac disease patients. Patients and Method: This questionnaire based cross-sectional study was carried out on 126 celiac disease patients investigated in the Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department of District Headquarter Hospital, Charsadda Pakistan. All the patients with age ≥18 years old diagnosed with celiac disease based on positive serological test and biopsy confirmation were enrolled. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score, and nine questions that assessed depressive symptoms. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age was 36.5± 12.16 years. Of the 126 total patients, there were 98 (77.8%) female and 28 (22.2%) male. The incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 84.1% (n=106) and 81% (n=102) respectively. There was no causal relationship found between any of the factors and the occurrence of anxiety or depression symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".