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Record W4381956569 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000147

The Impact of Normative Feedback on Undergraduates’ Prescription Drug Use Knowledge and Behavior: A Mixed Methods Study

2022· article· en· W4381956569 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Jason Y. Isaacs, Kara Thompson, Igor Yakovenko, Karen Stewart-Kirk, Noelle J. Strickland, Sherry H. Stewart

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Canadian institutionsSt. Francis Xavier UniversityDalhousie University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNormativeFocus groupIntervention (counseling)Psychological interventionSocial norms approachPsychologyPeer groupMedical prescriptionPerceptionSocial psychologyQualitative researchQualitative propertyNormative social influenceClinical psychologyMedicineNursingPsychiatrySociology

Abstract

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ABSTRACT Social norms feedback interventions are effective in correcting overestimations of peer alcohol use and changing undergraduates’ drinking behaviors. Undergraduates represent a high-risk group for harmful prescription drug use (PDU), yet a group-based social norms intervention has yet to be investigated for undergraduate PDU. Our objectives involved utilizing a mixed methods research design to investigate the impact of a social norms feedback session on norms perceptions and intentions to engage in PDU, and to obtain students’ qualitative feedback on this intervention approach. Thirty-six undergraduates (M age = 20.17; 63.89% women) with PDU use within the prior 4 months were provided accurate information regarding peer PDU rates. Participants reported on their perceptions of rates of peer PDU for each prescription drug type, and their behavioral intentions to engage in PDU, pre- and post-intervention. Subsequently, they participated in a focus group on their perceptions of the PDU intervention. Participants significantly overestimated all types of PDU at pre-intervention. While the intervention led to significant reductions in perceptions of peer PDU rates, significant overestimations remained. Behavioral intentions to use were not reduced from pre- to post-intervention. Content analysis of the focus group data generated four themes that elucidated participants’ thinking about the intervention: (1) Coming to Terms with Overestimation, (2) Reflections on Social Networks, (3) Stigma and Norms, and (4) Benefits of a Social Norms Approach. Results highlight that an intervention which changes knowledge of social norms may not be sufficient to curb PDU. Qualitative findings provide insight into ways to potentially improve the utility of PDU social norms interventions for undergraduates. Les interventions de rétroaction sur les normes sociales sont efficaces pour corriger les habitudes de consommation d’alcool des étudiants de premier cycle et leur tendance à surestimer la consommation d’alcool de leurs pairs. Même si les étudiants de premier cycle sont hautement susceptibles de consommer des médicaments d’ordonnance (MO) nocifs, aucune intervention n’a été menée sur les normes sociales d’un groupe de référence pour étudier cette prévalence. Nos objectifs consistaient donc à utiliser une méthodologie de recherche mixte pour étudier les répercussions qu’une séance de rétroaction sur les normes sociales peut avoir sur les perceptions de ces normes et sur les intentions des participants quant à l’usage de MO. Nous visions aussi à recueillir des commentaires qualitatifs des étudiants sur cette stratégie d’intervention. Trente-six étudiants de premier cycle (âge médian: 20,17; 63,89 % étaient des femmes) ayant consommé des MO dans les quatre mois précédant l’étude ont reçu des renseignements avérés sur le taux d’usage de MO chez leurs pairs. Les participants ont indiqué leurs perceptions du taux d’usage de MO chez leurs pairs pour chaque type de médicament et leur intention comportementale de commencer l’usage de MO, avant et après l’intervention. Par la suite, ils ont participé à un groupe de discussion sur leurs perceptions de l’intervention sur l’usage de MO. Avant l’intervention, les participants ont considérablement surestimé tous les types d’usage de MO. Bien que l’intervention ait entraîné une importante diminution dans les perceptions des participants sur le taux d’usage de MO de leurs pairs, des surestimations considérables subsistent. Aucune diminution n’a été observée avant, pendant et après l’intervention quant à l’intention comportementale de consommer. L’analyse des données du groupe de discussion a généré quatre thèmes qui expliquent ce que pensent les participants de l’intervention: 1) Composer avec la surestimation; 2) Réflexions sur les réseaux sociaux; 3) Normes et stigmatisation; 4) Bienfaits d’une approche sur les normes sociales. Les résultats soulignent qu’une intervention qui modifie la connaissance des normes sociales d’une personne ne suffit peut-être pas à freiner l’usage de MO. Les conclusions qualitatives fournissent des pistes sur les moyens potentiels d’accroître l’utilité des interventions sur les normes sociales pour l’usage de MO chez les étudiants de premier cycle.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.020
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.019
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.107

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0200.019
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.345
Teacher spread0.304 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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Same venueThe Canadian Journal of AddictionSame topicSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesFrench-language works237,207