Minimizing Roughness Induced Optical Losses for a Four-Terminal <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cd</mml:mi><mml:mi>Te</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi></mml:math> Tandem Solar Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With high photovoltaic efficiencies, low production costs, and long-term stability of single junction cells, CdTe/Si four-terminal tandem solar cells are promising devices for surpassing single junction Si solar cell efficiency limits.High sub-band-gap transmission in the top junction is crucial to reach high efficiencies.Here, we study the impact of surface roughness on transmission using experiments and simulations, showing that the as-deposited texture both increases backscattering and parasitic absorption compared to flat surfaces due to electric field concentration in mesoscale surface features.Adding the ethylene vinyl acetate interlayer increases transmittance by reducing the index contrast at the back transparent conductive oxide.We show that these roughness-induced losses can be overcome by including high index optical coatings as additional interlayers, resulting in increased transmission through the CdTe cell and Si bottom cell efficiency that is comparable to a flat reference device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".