Sustainability, corporate governance, and firm performance: Evidence from emerging markets
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the influence of sustainability especially the environmental pillar and corporate board diversity on the financial performance in emerging markets. This study examines the effect of sustainability and board composition on firm performance. The sample of this study comprises 1382 firms with a total of 19199 firm-year observations covering a period from 2008 to 2021. These firms are listed in the MSCI emerging markets index representing 24 emerging countries. The results show that the main index of sustainability (ESG index) and other sub-indices (environmental score, emission score and CO2 equivalent emission) of sustainability that are used as measures of climate change have an effect on accounting-based performance (return on assets, ROA) and market-based performance (Tobin’s Q and book-to-market value, BTMV). Also, the results show that age, nationality and education as board diversity components affect the firm performance; however, the female directors on the board did not affect the firm performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it