Spring Water Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index in Shawre Valley- Sulaymaniyah-Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the suitability of springs for drinking purposes in Shawre Valley in Sulaymaiyah Governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Water samples were collected from four springs (Daraban, Mam Xalan, Dolli Shawre, and Sarukani) and analyzed for seventeen physicochemical parameters including Turbidity, Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Total hardness, Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Total Alkalinity, Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO42-), Nitrate (NO3-), Nitrite (NO2-), Phosphate (PO43-), Dissolved oxygen (DO), and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) from October 2021 to February 2022. The results of physicochemical parameters indicated that most of the spring’s water samples lie within the permissible limit as compared by WHO for drinking purposes, except for Turbidity, EC, TDS, Total hardness, Mg2+, DO, and BOD5, which exceed the standard values at Daraban, Mam Xalan, and Dolli Shawre springs and are considered unfit for drinking consumption. The results showed that the calculated CCME WOI values ranged from 74.00 to 88.45. Generally, the overall water quality index showed that Mam Xalan spring of 64.00 falls under the "Marginal" category, while Daraban and Dolli Shawre of 65.00 and 78.45 respectively fall under "Fair" quality. Furthermore, Sarukani spring of 88.079 falls under "Good" quality. On the basis of WQI results, most of the spring water samples fall under the Fair and Marginal categories, indicating that they require proper treatment for drinking purposes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".