Leakage through a circular geomembrane hole overlain and underlain by silty sand tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments are conducted to investigate leakage through circular GMB holes overlain and underlain by both tailings with various hole diameters and GMB thicknesses. Finite element analyses are performed to explore the effect of hydraulic conductivities (k) of subgrade (underliner) and tailings above the GMB (overliner) on water head contours dissipation. An analytical solution is developed for predicting leakage through circular GMB hole overlain and underlain by both tailings. Results show that the effect of subgrade on leakage is highly dependent on the ratio of k between the underliner and the overliner. If the ratio >100, no head loss occurs in the subgrade; if the ratio <0.01, all the head loss occurs in the subgrade. With the deposition of fines from overliner into subgrade, a low permeable filter cake is formed on the subgrade surface, notably increasing the impact of underliner on leakage. With the increasing ratio of k between underliner and overliner from 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and to 100, the ratio of leakage relative to a highly permeable subgrade increases from 0.01, 0.1, 0.56, 0.93, and to 1. An intimate interface contact can be achieved when the GMB is underlain by silty sand tailings as subgrade (foundation) material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".