Quality Evaluation of the Column-Averaged Dry Air Mole Fractions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Observed by GOSAT and GOSAT-2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Column-averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane (XCO2 and XCH4) retrieved from SWIR (Short-Wavelength InfraRed) observations by GOSAT (Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite) since 2009 and its successor GOSAT-2 since 2019 are available from NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies) as SWIR L2 (Level 2) products. This paper shows the current status of the data quality of NIES SWIR L2 products and inter-satellite comparison results. Comparisons of XCO2 and XCH4 obtained from each satellite with ground-based observations from the TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) reveal that the averaged single measurement precision are less than 1.9 ppm and 10 ppb, respectively, and the site-to-site biases are less than 0.9 ppm and 5 ppb, respectively. The standard deviations of the inter-satellite differences for XCO2 and XCH4 are 2.18 ppm and 12.1 ppb, respectively, on an individual-data basis and 1.77 ppm and 11.7 ppb, respectively, on a monthly-regional-mean basis. While further improvements in the retrieval algorithm and bias-correction method are needed, GOSAT and GOSAT-2 retrievals are generally in good agreement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".