A beneficiation study to recover xenotime minerals from rich‐iron‐silicate ores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Yen Phu (YP) rare‐earth mine, located in Yen Bai, Vietnam, currently reserves 28,000 tons of total rare earth oxides (TREO) with a TREO grade of about 1.16%. A mineralogy study shows the dominance of iron‐oxide‐ and silicate‐bearing minerals in YP ore, whereas xenotime presents as the major rare‐earth metal (REM) bearing mineral. Chemical analyses also exhibit a relatively high proportion of heavy rare earth metals (HREMs) at 41.2%, which suggests the high economic value of YP ores. The factors influencing the flotation involving the pH, the depressant, and the collector dosage were first assessed. Then, a beneficiation flowsheet including grinding, wet magnetic separation, and flotation was recommended and practically conducted to enrich the TREO. The proposed process successfully promoted the TREO grade from 1.16% to 29.70% with a high recovery of 80.31% in the REM concentrates, while a tiny loss of TREO was exhibited in the tailing. The chemical analysis of REM concentrates also demonstrated the conservation of REM composition throughout the beneficiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".