Functional outcome in knee osteoarthritis after dextrose prolotherapy intervention: A severity-based pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis currently remains a significant health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity rate. Radiological examination is still used as a gold standard to determine the severity of knee osteoarthritis by using Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Dextrose prolotherapy has been known to be effective in treating pain in knee osteoarthritis, but none has compared the efficacy between mild and moderate-severe knee osteoarthritis. Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of prolotherapy based on its radiological and symptomatic severity in knee osteoarthritis.Methods: In this pre-post study, the participants who underwent dextrose prolotherapy injection (25% intra-articular and 15% periarticular) for three sessions with four weeks intervals were grouped into mild (grade 1-2) and severe (grade 3-4) groups. Participants’ functional status was measured with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ arthritis index scores at baseline and week 12.Results: A total of 21 patients (average age 61.42 ± 8.33, BMI 26.81± 3.72) received three therapy sessions. Both groups had significantly better Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index scores than baseline (-22.57± 11.9; p = 0.002 and -15.42 ± 15.75; p = 0.003). All parameters were improved significantly (p <0.05) in both groups, except the stiffness score (p = 0.292; p = 0.057). There were no differences in functional outcome improvements in both groups (p > 0.05; CI 95%: -21.3 – 7.05).Conclusion: Prolotherapy effectively improves functional outcomes in all stages of knee osteoarthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".