Bra Usage Duration and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is a disease feared by most women, with 2.3 million women worldwide being diagnosed with this disease. In 2024, Indonesia will relocate its capital to East Kalimantan Province, which currently has the second-highest (1%) prevalence of breast cancer cases in Indonesia. Objective: Given the increasing prevalence of breast cancer, it is worthwhile to scientifically examine the relationship between the duration of bra usage, age at first bra usage, bra size suitability, and types of bras used in relation to the occurrence of breast cancer. Method: The study design used was a case-control study with a 1:1 ratio of 48 respondents (24 cases and 24 controls) selected through purposive sampling. The analysis employed chi-square and odds ratio tests. Results: The study revealed that the average age of the respondents was 45.25 years. Furthermore, the variables of bra usage duration (OR=2.333), age at first bra usage, bra size suitability, and bra type (OR=0.639) showed no association with the occurrence of breast cancer (α>0.05). Conclusion: This research concludes that there is no association between bra usage and the occurrence of breast cancer in women in East Kalimantan Province. Recommendation: It is suggested to reduce the duration of bra usage to less than 24 hours to minimize the risk factors for breast cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".