Role of Elemental Sulphur in Stage B Self-Heating of Sulphide Minerals, and the Potential Role of Polysulphides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sulphide minerals undergo numerous stages of mineral processing to extract the desired metal. When they are exposed to certain environmental conditions, some sulphide minerals can spontaneously heat up, a process called self-heating (SH), which, if left unchecked, can be a major hazard. Self-heating occurs in three distinct temperature stages, termed Stage A (temperature below 100 °C), Stage B (temperature range of 100 °C–350 °C), and Stage C (above 350 °C). Historically, it was understood that elemental sulphur generated in Stage A fuels Stage B reactions; however, the full extent of this behaviour is still unknown. The aim of this study is to understand the role of elemental sulphur in Stage B reactions. The results have demonstrated that elemental sulphur is incapable of fueling Stage B self-heating on its own, and it needs to interact with sulphide minerals in ambient temperatures in the presence of moisture and air. This interaction seems to be unique to pyrrhotite, as it failed to demonstrate stage B self-heating with other sulphide minerals. Previous works in surface chemistry suggest that this interaction leads to the formation of polysulphides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".