Anomaly of $(2+1)$-dimensional symmetry-enriched topological order from $(3+1)$-dimensional topological quantum field theory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Symmetry acting on a (2+1) D <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:math> topological order can be anomalous in the sense that they possess an obstruction to being realized as a purely (2+1) D <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:math> on-site symmetry. In this paper, we develop a (3+1) D <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:math> topological quantum field theory to calculate the anomaly indicators of a (2+1) D <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:math> topological order with a general symmetry group G <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:math> , which may be discrete or continuous, Abelian or non-Abelian, contain anti-unitary elements or not, and permute anyons or not. These anomaly indicators are partition functions of the (3+1) D <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> </mml:math> topological quantum field theory on a specific manifold equipped with some G <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:math> -bundle, and they are expressed using the data characterizing the topological order and the symmetry actions. Our framework is applied to derive the anomaly indicators for various symmetry groups, including \mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , \mathbb{Z}_2^T\times\mathbb{Z}_2^T <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , SO(N) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="true" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , O(N)^T <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="true" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , SO(N)\times \mathbb{Z}_2^T <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="true" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , etc, where \mathbb{Z}_2 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and \mathbb{Z}_2^T <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>ℤ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> denote a unitary and anti-unitary order-2 group, respectively, and <
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".