Development of high-power Er/Yb polarization-maintaining optical amplifier for ground station uplink systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high-power Er/Yb polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier is described. The amplifier operates on a single wavelength of 1546 nm and consists of a pre-amplifier with a gain up to 64 dB followed by a double-clad 25/300-m Large Mode Area (LMA) Er/Yb fiber booster stage, counter-pumped through a (2+1):1 PM combiner by two 140-W 915-nm laser diodes. The design of the amplifier required developing new splicing and re-coating approaches for the LMA PM fibers and characterizing mode-field adaptors for single- mode (SM) and LMA fibers and low-loss high-power PM pump-signal combiners maintaining a high Polarization Extinction Ratio (PER). The amplifier provides a robust diffraction-limited output of more than 50 W from true single-mode PM1550 fiber with an M2 < 1.03 and a long-term (~200 hours) stability better than 5% in constant current mode (i.e., no power control feedback loop). With low-loss, high-quality splices between fibers with different MFDs, the maximum local fiber temperatures were kept below 60 oC. The amplifier design ensured that, even when operating at the 50-W level, the parasitic ASE in the 1-micron region was less than 2 mW. The output PER of <15 dB was limited by the quality of the pump-signal combiner which has a high probability of being improved in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".