Viral infection arrests coccolithophore calcification and nutrient consumption, and triggers shifts in organic stoichiometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi are routinely infected by a specific lytic virus (EhV), which rapidly kills host cells triggering bloom termination and organic and inorganic carbon export. However, the impact of EhV on the dynamic of resource acquisition and cellular stoichiometry remains unknown, limiting the current understanding of the ecological and biogeochemical significance of E. huxleyi blooms. To tackle this knowledge gap, we used algal and EhV cultures to determine over the course of infections the dynamics of alkalinity, modulated by calcification, nitrate and phosphate consumption and organic matter stoichiometry. We found that within 24hr alkalinity concentration stabilized and nutrient uptake declined to background levels. In parallel, the stoichiometric ratio of carbon to nitrogen was about 15% higher and the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio was about 12% lower during infections relative to controls. These variations likely resulted from lipid accumulation required for viral replication and the differential retention of phosphorus-rich macromolecular pools in decaying cells, respectively. Finally, after host population decay a progressive enrichment in phosphorus relative to nitrogen and carbon was detected in the remaining cell lysates. We estimate that this stoichiometric shift post-infection was driven by the progressive accumulation of heterotrophic bacteria involved in the degradation of organic material. Viral-mediated cell remodeling and consequent shifts in biomass stoichiometry likely impacts the patterns of nutrient cycling and biological carbon pump efficiency during large-scale blooms in the oceans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".