Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Matthew within Sectarian Judaism, John Kampen masterfully integrates Matthean, New Testament, and Christian origins studies with recent discoveries and research in Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Judaism.Bracketed by an introduction and conclusion, the book includes seven chapters.Chapters 1 and 2 lay a foundation for Matthew within sectarian Judaism, while chapters 3-7 analyze Matthew's unique content alongside Second Temple Jewish writings.Kampen's chapter 1 situates Matthew within the sociological framework of Jewish sectarianism of the late Second Temple era (8).By utilizing the discoveries around Qumran and demonstrating the development of Jewish sectarianism, he provides a basis for understanding the Matthean community.Navigating through complex issues of provenance and composition, Kampen locates Matthew in Galilee around 80-90 ce within a Jewish community engaged in the struggle for identity and direction within Roman hegemony.Furthermore, conflicts between Pharisees, Sadducees, and scribes in Hasmonean politics become leading voices of opposition to the teachings of Jesus, testifying to an ongoing polemical context of Matthew.Utilizing Albert Baumgarten's and Jutta Jokiranta's work on sectarianism and boundary marking mechanisms, Kampen's chapter 2 demonstrates the continued presence of sectarian groups within Jewish life in Judea, the Transjordan, and Galilee after 70ce.The Scrolls, depicting major features of sectarian thought and practice, when compared to Matthew seem to illuminate Matthew and Qumran as similar sectarian movements.These sects, identified as voluntary associations of protest, exhibit boundary marking mechanisms to distinguish themselves from Jewish society.Thus, Kampen argues that Matthew is a sectarian Jewish composition placed within the conflicted and complicated developments of the emerging Jewish and Christian worlds.Chapters 3-7 explore the intersections between sectarian Judaism and Matthew.Examining the Sermon on the Mount, Kampen concludes that its similarities and differences with other Jewish compositions lie in its treatment of torah.Matthew's particular interest in the torah is evident in Jesus's exposition of the torah (cf.Matt 5:17-20).Furthermore, Kampen recognizes Matthew, like Jubilees and the Temple Scroll, as part of a continuing Mosaic Discourse (cf.Najman, Seconding Sinai) that claims an authoritative status reaching back to Mount Sinai and the divine message given to Moses.Thus, Matthew advances a sectarian understanding of the torah distinct from competing Jewish groups (cf.4Q185; 4Q525).In sum, the Sermon is an example of a sectarian text contain-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".