Is volunteerism truly a pathway to comparable employment for recent immigrants in Canada? : Insights into the volunteer experiences of recent immigrants - their perceptions, motivations, and outcomes of volunteering.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immigrants account for almost a quarter of Canada’s population with a significant portion facing barriers to finding meaningful employment. Notable barriers include non-recognition of foreign credentials, language proficiency, and the lack of Canadian (work) experience. Volunteerism has been recommended as one of the most suitable strategies that recent immigrants can utilize to overcome these challenges. This paper presents an analysis of 8 in-depth interviews with recent immigrants living in the Ottawa-Gatineau area of Ontario. The interviews give an insight into the volunteer experiences of recent immigrants - their perceptions, motivations and outcomes of volunteering. Two main findings from the analysis are that immigrants engage in formal volunteer work for; one, to improve upon their essential soft skills, which have become increasingly more important to Canadian employers and two, to prevent the onset of depression and loneliness that may arise from being home alone with no one to talk to.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".