Bibliographic record
Abstract
Comparative Charting of Social ChangeThe present volume on Bulgaria offers an empirical description and theoretical analysis of radical changes occurring in a former socialist state.This welldocumented work is closely linked to other publications of the International Research Group on Comparative Charting of Social Change.This is the eighth volume prepared by the Group containing a national profile of major social trends.The previous ones dealt with the United States, Quebec, West Germany, France, Spain, Russia, and Italy.Additional volumes are in preparation on Greece and Canada, others are planned.They have been published in several languages and in English by McGill-Queen's University Press (Montreal) and Campus Verlag (Frankfurt am Main).The CCSC Group has also published comparative works on social change based on these national profiles.Convergence or Divergence?Comparing Recent Social Trends in Industrial Societies appeared in 1994.Two other comparative volumes are in preparation: Changing Structures of Inequality and Grading Leviathan.The Performance of Nation States.The philosophy and the organizational scheme of the International Research Program on Comparative Charting of Social Change has been presented in detail by Theodore Caplow and Henri Mendras (1994).It started as an initiative of a French group doing research on social development (Dim, 1990) and then expanded with international collaboration which is becoming more and more intensive.The general purpose of this collective effort is to prepare a comprehensive and empirically well substantiated analysis of social trends in particular countries and to identity similarities and differences amongst them.The CCSC Group also plans to work on theoretical models of social change in order to facilitate the systematic explanation of empirical findings.The research carried out on the Bulgarian society will contribute to the development of systematic cross-national comparisons which are certainly full of pitfalls, but deserve taking the risk.Interdisciplinary comparative analysis of social trends is certainly the most promising research perspective in social sciences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.433 | 0.228 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".