Usage of ultrasound indices in nocturnal enuresis treated with desmopressin therapy.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem in children and could be treated with desmopressin therapy. Here we assessed ultrasound indices affecting disease severity and treatment responses in candidates for pharmacotherapy for nocturnal enuresis. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in 2021-2022 on children diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis and candidates for desmopressin therapy. Demographic data of patients including age and gender were collected by a checklist. The severity of the disease was categorized into mild, moderate and severe. We measured the bladder volume index (BVI), bladder wall thickness (BT) and bladder volume wall thickness index (BVWI) by ultrasound. Patients were treated with desmopressin (administered 120 µg, stat and before sleeping) for 4 months and treatment responses were determined and compared. RESULTS: In this study, data from 72 patients were analyzed. Complete response was achieved in 16 patients (22.2%), 25 patients (34.7%) had a good response to treatments, 18 patients (25%) had a partial response and 13 patients (18.1%) had no response. There was a significantly positive correlation between low and normal BVWI and the severity of the disease. Normal BVWI was found mostly in children with a mild degree of nocturnal enuresis; while low BVWI was associated with severe cases. There was a significant inverse correlation between response to treatment and bladder wall thickness. BVWI was significantly correlated with response to treatment. It was shown that 81.3% of children with complete responses and 76% of children with good responses had a normal BVWI, while 76.9% of children who showed no response to treatment had a low BVWI. CONCLUSION: BVWI and bladder wall thickness were significantly correlated with treatment response and BVWI had significant correlations with disease severity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".