Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pearl Harbor holds a unique place in both American and military history.A perfect example of the concept of strategic surprise, it represents a pivotal moment in the history of the Second World War and, of course, a dramatic and shocking moment for the United States.For the survivors, it is a tragedy that shaped not only their lives but the lives of many.Pearl Harbor also represents thousands of moments of drama and terror, of courage and sacrifice.As such, it has really captivated the minds of many, including historians.One of the latest additions to our understanding of Pearl Harbor is Daniel Butler's Pearl: December 7, 1941.Butler's book provides a chronology of the events of Pearl Harbor on that fateful day in twelve chapters supported by a prologue, epilogue, and appendices that provide the order of battle of both the Japanese and American forces at that time at Pearl Harbor.Tracing the attack from the planning through execution, the text provides an excellent chronology of events providing an incredibly readable account for the next generation fascinated with that day.Several chapters stand out in the material provided.Chapter four "MAGIC and the Color Purple" for example examines the issue of code breaking and the road to Pearl Harbor.It discusses the origin of codebreaking in the United States and the unique problems of codes and ciphers.It traces the development of the organizations within the US from the Black Chamber through OP-20-G and the importance of the United States Navy's taking on the task of breaking Japanese codes.The key of course was the work of William Friedman and his breaking of the PURPLE diplomatic code in the years leading up to the Second World War.PURPLE and the material it produced, given the code name MAGIC, were political codes, but in the years leading to Pearl, they provided America with invaluable information.Similarly chapters five and six, "Climb Mount Niitaka" and "To-ra!Tora! To-ra!" respectively, discuss the Japanese advance on Pearl and the attack itself.The author provides an excellent understanding of the Japanese side of the attack.Planning, strategic thinking, and the debates between the various Japanese decision makers provide an essential backdrop for understanding why the attack had to happen.The planning of Commander Minoru Genda and the challenges of getting the Imperial Japanese Navy leadership to agree to the plan, as well as the difficulties in overcoming the problems associated with operations at such a distance from home waters provide a fascinating read.It also provides important context for the reader to understand just how
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.069 | 0.037 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".