Building Integrated Sub-Slab Thermal Storage System for Coupling to a Heat Pump: Modelling, Optimization, and Thermal Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada, like most countries around the world, has adopted targets for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the built environment.In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, goals for improving the resilience to climate change, and making buildings energy-wise, more comfortable, and more affordable, were adopted as well.In this context, low energy, and net zero energy buildings are becoming a target in the research field, through the incorporation of renewable energy systems and thermal energy storage among others.The greenhouse gas emissions associated with the energy use in buildings can be significantly reduced by taking an integrated approach for heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and domestic hot water heating when designing new buildings, or retrofitting existing ones.The research investigates the performance of a sub-slab ground heat exchanger, coupled to a heat pump system, and the ability of the system to provide space conditioning and domestic hot water heating for a low-rise multi-unit residential building.The thermal performance of the system was assessed through simulation for a multi-unit residential construction in Ottawa.Simulations using weather files for other five locations in different climate zones across Canada were conducted as well, to assess the suitability of the system to other climate conditions.Parametric analyses were conducted to optimize both the design of the building and of the ground heat exchanger.Appropriate control strategies were investigated also to optimize the energy consumption of the heat pump and the auxiliary equipment.According to the simulated results, the ground layer can store energy over the medium term, without reducing the long-term performance of the heat pump.The system is able also to fully meet the space conditioning and domestic hot water heating needs of the building.The annual electricity consumption of the heat pump was estimated to be 11.4 GJ per dwelling unit.Adding the energy use associated with lights and appliances, and all the auxiliary equipment, the total energy consumption of a dwelling unit was 29.8 GJ.Considering the average annual energy consumption of a dwelling unit in low-rise multi-unit residential building as 46.7 GJ, the investigated system can achieve approximately 40% reduction of the energy use.The last two chapters present some of the conclusions derived after conducting this work, and some recommendations for new directions that can be further explored.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".