Building Integrated Sub-Slab Thermal Storage System for Coupling to a Heat Pump: Modelling, Optimization, and Thermal Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada, like most countries around the world, has adopted targets for reducing the green gas emissions associated with the built environment. In addition to reducing green gas emissions, goals for improving the resilience to climate change, and making buildings energy-wise, more comfortable, and more affordable, were adopted as well. In this context, low energy, and net zero energy buildings are becoming a target in the research field, through the incorporation of renewable energy systems and thermal energy storage among others. The green gas emissions associated with the energy use in buildings can be significantly reduced by taking an integrated approach for heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and domestic hot water heating when designing new buildings, or retrofitting existing ones. The research investigates the performance of a sub-slab ground heat exchanger, coupled to a heat pump system, and the ability of the system to provide space conditioning and domestic hot water heating for a low-rise multi-unit residential building. The thermal performance of the system was assessed through simulation for a multi-unit residential construction in Ottawa. Simulations using weather files for other five locations in different climate zones across Canada were conducted as well, to assess the suitability of the system to other climate conditions. Parametric analyses were conducted to optimize both the design of the building and of the ground heat exchanger. Appropriate control strategies were investigated also to optimize the energy consumption of the heat pump and the auxiliary equipment. According to the results, the system is able to fully meet the space conditioning and domestic hot water heating needs of the building. The annual electricity consumption of the heat pump was estimated to be 11.4 GJ per dwelling unit. Adding the energy use associated with lights and appliances, and all the auxiliary equipment, the total energy consumption of a dwelling unit was 24.4 GJ. Considering the average annual energy consumption of a dwelling unit in low-rise multi-unit residential building as 46.7 GJ, the investigated system can achieve approximately 40% reduction of the energy use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".