BRAC’s (বরযক) Adoption of Community-Based Primary Education for Socially Disadvantaged Children in Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article provides a critical-historical analysis of BRAC’s adoption of non-formal primary education (NFPE) while de-emphasizing ‘conscientizing’ functional education in Bangladesh during 1980s. The central question of this paper is why did BRAC´s adopt NFPE in 1985 within the framework of its needs. In this study, I analyze BRAC’s education program from 1973 to 1985, with particular attention to the international neoliberal context of 1980s, policy shift of the western aid industry, and relationship that BRAC and its founder had with local power structures and consecutive Bangladeshi regimes (Fateh, 2020). I examine BRAC’s curriculum documents, project proposals, evaluation reports, and statements made by BRAC’s founder Fazle Hasan Abed. My findings suggest that beside supporting the disadvantaged children, BRAC’s adoption of NFPE is for the sake of its organizational growth associated to its submission to local power structure, and dominant neoliberal framework of the international aid industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".