Bibliographic record
Abstract
I saw that something was not quite right about Canada in the springsummer of 2021.I had recently collaborated with colleagues from Western Canada to explore Western Canada's place in Confederation.They were well-known and widely respected scholars, with some even asking whether the Western provinces should leave Canada because of Confederation's continued unfairness towards the region.I contributed a chapter to the book in which we asked fundamental questions about Canada's inability to accommodate regional interests, other than those from Ontario and Quebec. 1 In the fall of 2020, violence erupted between Acadians and Mi'kmaq over access to the fishery.Boats were vandalized, vehicles were torched, lobster pounds ransacked, and a fish plant burned to the ground.Federal Cabinet ministers called the events "alarming" and "disgraceful." 2 A United Nations committee asked Ottawa to respond to its criticism that the federal government had not properly intervened to deal with the violence against the Mi'qmaq fishers. 3I was taken aback by these developments.Quebec decided in May 2021 to tighten the province's language laws.It tabled legislation to define Quebec as a nation with French as its official language.The legislation runs counter to Canada's constitution, but Quebec premier, François Legault, explained that the province will invoke the notwithstanding clause to protect it from legal challenges. 4 Though some observers challenged the legislation in the media, the rest of Canada mostly shrugged.The leaders of Canada's three national political parties did not see any problem with the legislation.The reactions would likely have been vastly different as recently as twenty years ago.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".