Cognitive Behavioural and Melodic Intonation Therapies on Verbal Communication Skills of Persons with Apraxia of Speech
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and melodic intonation therapy (MIT) on the verbal communication skills of persons with apraxia. A pre-test, post-test, and control group quasi-experimental research design was used with a sample of persons with post-stroke apraxia receiving speech and language therapeutic services in Ibadan Metropolis. University College Hospital was selected as the treatment center for the study. Thirty persons with apraxia were purposively selected and assigned to one of three groups: CBT, melodic intonation therapy, or control (N = 30, male = 16, female = 14, mean age = 63.1 years). Twenty-four sessions of CBT and melodic intonation therapy classes were held with the experimental group only. The control group was exposed to placebo treatment over the same period. An apraxia of speech rating scale (ASRS) was administered to assess the verbal communication skills of the prospective participants. Those who met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The instruments used were the ASRS, the English proficiency test of oral communication skill rating scale, and two self-developed therapeutic plans. Data were analysed using analyses of covariance and Scheffe’s post-hoc test at a 0.05 level of significance. There was a significant main effect of treatment (CBT and MIT) on the verbal communication skills of the participants (F (2,11) = 200.84, P < 0.05, X = 0.56). Participants in the MIT group had the highest mean score (56.20), followed by those in CBT (37.90), while those in the control group had the lowest mean score (23.80). CBT and MIT were effective in enhancing the verbal communication skills of persons with apraxia. However, MIT showed better outcomes than CBT. Therefore, it is appropriate for speech therapists, pathologists, and other relevant practitioners to adopt these strategies to improve the verbal communication skills of those with apraxia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".