Health Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome History: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Backgrounds Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive and endocrine diseases that can impact a woman's health status throughout her life. Concerns have always been focused on women at adolescent or reproductive age, however the outcomes of PCOS occurring at their postmenopausal age have not been clarified. Methods We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the association between health outcomes of postmenopausal women and their experiences of PCOS. The relevant literature was searched from Embase databases, Cochrane Library and PubMed. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of relevant health parameters were calculated between postmenopausal women with PCOS history and the healthy controls. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association between PCOS and specific health outcome. Results Our study included 15 studies with 757 postmenopausal women with history of PCOS and 4211 controls. Compared to the controls, the following parameters were significantly higher among postmenopausal women with PCOS history: body mass index (BMI) (WMD = 3.28, 95%CI: 1.24 to 5.31, I2 = 96%, P = 0.002), waist circumference (WMD = 7.01, 95%CI: 3.24 to 10.78, I2 = 76%, P < 0.001), waist/hip ratio (WHR) (WMD = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.06, I2 = 93%, P = 0.030), triglycerides (WMD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.77, I2 = 75%, P = 0.030), total testosterone (WMD = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.22, I2 = 51%, P < 0.001) and free androgen index (FAI) (WMD = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.05 to 2.59, I2 = 91%, P < 0.001). In addition, PCOS history was significantly associated with the outcomes of type 2 diabetes (OR = 4.09, 95%CI: 1.62 to 10.33, I2 = 72%, P = 0.003) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 3.93, 95%CI: 1.17 to 13.22, I2 = 67%, P = 0.030). Conclusions This study illustrated that women exposed to PCOS might have higher risk of health problems at their postmenopausal age. Our findings shed light on requirement of early intervention among women with PCOS, as well as targeted health supports to postmenopausal women who have a history of PCOS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.017 | 0.029 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".