Photonic Aggregation of Microwave Signals With Electro-Optic Modulation and Polarization Combination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel approach to the implementation of photonic aggregation of microwave signals using a single dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DDMZM) and a polarizer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Four binary phase shift keying (BPSK) microwave signals with an identical carrier frequency are aggregated into a single 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) optical signal through phase and amplitude control at the DP-DDMZM and the polarizer. The aggregated optical signal is then transmitted over an optical fiber to an optical coherent receiver, where the BPSK signals are recovered by demodulating the aggregated optical signal. The approach is evaluated experimentally. Four BPSK microwave signals with an identical carrier frequency of 15 GHz and each having a symbol rate of 1 GBaud are aggregated to be a 16QAM optical signal. The constellation diagrams are measured to confirm the effectiveness of the aggregation process. To further increase the transmission capacity without using additional spectral resources, the employment of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) is studied, and the doubling in transmission capacity is confirmed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".