Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the role of the state in Canada and United States of America in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. The core argument is located within the ongoing debate on the role of the state in managing human affairs. The coronavirus pandemic appears to have caused a fundamental shift in the ways in which the state performs its role in providing public goods to citizens. The neoliberal turn in the global political economy has reduced the function of the state to a minimum level of supporting corporations and maintaining law and order. Although the COVID-19 pandemic spurred different responses from states, they all acted in ways that call for a fundamental question on renegotiating the purpose of the state. Theoretically, the state exists as a social contract to provide public goods for the citizens, for whom it holds the commonwealth in trust. The failure of the neoliberal state to ensure equal access to basic social goods such as education, health, and insurance to all and sundry led to disproportionate effects of COVID-19 on the population in various countries. In Canada and United States of America, the state suspended the neoliberal thinking of allowing the market to dictate the direction of policy by funding the production and acquisition of vaccines, provided subsidies for companies and vulnerable families, among other social interventions. What are the lessons that can be learnt from the pandemic for the future of the state in the provision of public goods? How can the state change its current market orientation to fulfilling its foundational purpose of delivering public good? This chapter examines these questions in light of the declining role of the state in advancing equitable distribution of resources over the past five decades.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.043 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.018 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.044 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".