Glioblastoma multiforme: Case report of an unusual presentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Glial tumors account for about 60% of all primary brain tumors. About one-third of patients suffer deficits in one or more cognitive domains, of which language difficulties may be mistaken for confusion. A 60-year-old male who was brought to the medical outpatient department (OPD) on November 14, 2022, with complaints of mental confusion, talking irrelevantly, and increased sleep for 20 days. As the patient had irrelevant talk, he was referred to psychiatry OPD. The psychiatric evaluation revealed word-finding difficulty, memory impairment, and confabulation. His physical examination was normal, but the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score was 8. A provisional diagnosis of organic amnesic syndrome, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances (F04), was made. Plain computed tomography scan brain revealed a large cystic and solid lesion in the left capsuloganglionic region extending to left thalamic and temporal regions with severe perilesional vasogenic edema suggestive of glioblastoma multiforme with midline shift of 5.6 mm. The case was immediately referred to the neurosurgery department for further management. He was treated there with dexamethasone to reduce edema and was referred to a cancer center for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient was put on chemotherapy and passed away on January 21, 2023, before that could happen. Any case with recent onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms needs thorough cognitive assessment and a high index of suspicion to rule out organic causes. Informed consent to submit the case report for publication was obtained from the son of the patient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".