Bibliographic record
Abstract
Letter from the Editors Robert Chiles, Devin R. Lander, Jennifer Lemak, and Aaron Noble Dear Readers, A consistent factor throughout New York's dynamic history has been the complex interactions between groups with divergent worldviews and conflicting ambitions. Such scenarios have proven at different times to be creative, exploitative, empowering, or contradictory. This issue offers a rich array of such interactions, with articles offering unique insights from diverse perspectives. Articles by Jaap Jacobs and Anne-Clair Faucquez provide important insights into slavery in New Netherland. In "The Arrival of Enslaved Africans in New Amsterdam," Jacobs explores global and regional historical evidence to provide a revisionist timeline for the introduction of slavery into the colony, while Faucquez explores the community-building work of enslaved people in New Amsterdam and follows that crucial history into contemporary memory in "Community-Building in the History and Memory of Slavery in Dutch New York." Articles by Timothy J. Shannon and Evan Haefeli offer new understandings of Indigenous diplomacy in colonial New York using neglected sources to provide new perspectives. Haefeli uses diverse sources, including Mohawk oral traditions, to reconstruct and contextualize the Haudenosaunee-Lenape treaty of 1669 in "The Great Haudenosaunee-Lenape Peace of 1669: Oral Traditions, Colonial Records, and the Origin of the Delaware's Status as 'Women.'" Shannon's contribution, "In the Bushes: The Secret History of Anglo-Iroquois Treaty Making," explores private journals and diaries to transcend the official records of negotiations and to reveal a cultural milieu that fused Indigenous and European customs to produce a cultural context for diplomacy. James W. Bradley and James B. Richardson III likewise explore the complex interactions between colonists and natives in "The Eagle, the Bell, and other Fragments from the Intersecting Stories of Queen Anne's Chapel and Fort Hunter," using the discovery of two unusual material objects to investigate the changing cultural relationships between European colonists and their Protestant Mohawk neighbors in eighteenth-century New York. Also exploring how diverging perspectives drove historical events in colonial New York, Steven G. Wapen notes the salience of conflicts between Oswego's military garrison and Lake Ontario fur traders on the eve of the Seven Years' War in "Determined Justice on the New York Frontier: The 1752 Mutiny and Desertion at Oswego." [End Page vii] New York State's more recent history is also marked by complex interactions, as demonstrated by Lawrence J. King in "Memorial Day's Interracial Legacy in Brooklyn, New York, 1878–1897," and by Stuart M. Blumin and Glenn C. Altschuler in their article "When Sunday Baseball Came to Brooklyn." King reveals a palpable sense of interracial solidarity that embodied Memorial Day celebrations in post–Civil War Brooklyn, weathering racial divides and championing remembrance's inclusivity in the late nineteenth century. Blumin and Altschuler analyze the social and cultural conflicts that led first to the prohibition—and then to the legalization—of Sunday Baseball in Brooklyn. Combining these articles with Ashley Hopkins-Benton's Artifact NY feature—which uses a sewing machine to explore industrial life in twentieth-century Chinatown—and Lauren Roberts's Community NY feature exploring work on the 250th anniversary of the Battles of Saratoga, issue 104.1 provides fresh insights on life throughout the Empire State's rich history. Excelsior! THE EDITORS [End Page viii] Copyright © 2023 New York History
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".