Effects of fine aggregate content on the unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) can be used in landfill and slope cover systems, where its unsaturated hydraulic properties play an important role. The hydraulic behavior of RCAs can be potentially controlled through mixing coarse and fine aggregates by a pre-determined proportion, which lacks experimental validation. In this study, water retention curve (WRC) and permeability function (PF) of RCAs with different fine aggregate contents ( fc) were investigated. Experiments on 9 RCAs with different gradations reveal that when fc is between 20% and 30%, a second air entry value appears, and the shape of both WRC and PF becomes bimodal, which is probably resulted from an uneven dual-peak pore size distribution. With an increasing fc, the first air entry value and the residual water content increases. The unsaturated coefficient of permeability decreases with the increasing fc for a low suction level (<0.1 kPa), but increases with the raise of fc for high suction (>10 kPa). Overall, adopting a properly mixed RCA with fc value of less than 10% or over 40%, instead of a narrowly graded RCA, is recommended for coarse- and fine-grained layers in a capillary barrier, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".