Simultaneous Determination of 147 Pesticide Residues in Traditional Chinese Medicines by GC–MS/MS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Determination of pesticide residues remains a challenge in traditional Chinese medicines in which complex compounds may interfere with analysis signals. This study reports the development of a simple, effective, and high-throughput method combining gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) with either QuEChERS or solid phase extraction (SPE) to determine 147 pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines simultaneously. In SPE, the mixture of n -hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) was selected to extract 147 pesticides in honeysuckle, and the extracted pesticides were determined by GC–MS/MS. The limits of detection for all pesticides were within 0.01–0.05 mg/kg. The recoveries were within 70–120% and the relative standard deviations were below 20% for over 90% pesticides. The coefficients of determination were up to 0.999 for the linearity between MS signals and different concentrations of pesticides (20–200 ng/mL). The analytical performance was confirmed in determining pesticide residues in dried tangerine peel. SPE achieved comparable recoveries for all pesticides compared to the QuEChERS method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".