The Gram-positive bacterium Romboutsia ilealis harbors a polysaccharide synthase that can produce (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract (1,3;1,4)-β- d -Glucans are widely distributed in the cell walls of grasses (family Poaceae) and closely related families, as well as some other vascular plants. Additionally, they have been found in other organisms, including fungi, lichens, brown algae, charophycean green algae, and the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti . Only three members of the Cellulose Synthase-Like ( CSL ) genes in the families CSLF , CSLH , and CSLJ are implicated in (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucan biosynthesis in grasses. Little is known about the enzymes responsible for synthesizing (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucans outside the grasses. In the present study, we report the presence of (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucans in the exopolysaccharides of the Gram-positive bacterium Romboutsia ilealis CRIB T . We also report that RiGT2 is the candidate gene of R. ilealis that encodes (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucan synthase. Ri GT2 has conserved glycosyltransferase family 2 (GT2) motifs, including D, D, D, QXXRW, and a C -terminal PilZ domain that resembles the C -terminal domain of bacteria cellulose synthase, BcsA. Using a direct gain-of-function approach, we insert RiGT2 into Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucans are produced with structures similar to those of the (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucans of the lichen Cetraria islandica . Phylogenetic analysis reveals that putative (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucan synthase candidate genes in several other bacterial species support the finding of (1,3;1,4)-β- d -glucans in these species.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it