P14-078-23 Relationships Between Vegetarian or Vegan Dietary Patterns and Body Mass Index in the General Population: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: American dietary quality (DQ), measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), has remained stable and low since 2005 (56-60/100).The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 call for dietary pattern analysis to determine how guidelines might be altered to increase healthful eating.This study sought to determine the DQ of popular fad dietary patterns and the potential for improving their DQ, while staying within fad diet parameters.Methods: Two independent researchers determined a standard "fad diet" definition.Google Explore was searched for popular diets, using search terms derived from the established definition.Nine dietary patterns were identified for inclusion.One-week sample menus were created for each by altering a DGAcompliant menu based on the fad diet's rules.Dietary analyses used the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24 ) Dietary Assessment Tool and HEI 2015.Menu data were extracted and analyzed with SAS software (v8), using National Cancer Institute HEI 2015 code.Outcomes included HEI total scores, total available calories, adequacy, and moderation.Micronutrient analyses included calculating means and standard deviations compared to Dietary Reference Intakes for 19-50 yr old males and females.Results: The Ketogenic, Plant-based/Vegan, Fasting, Carnivore, Liquid, Military, Low-FODMAP, and Paleo Diets were included.Total HEI 2015 scores ranged from 26.7 (Carnivore) to 89.1 (Low-FODMAP).The six highest total HEI scores ranged from 77.1-89.1 out of 100 points.Scores for Carnivore and Liquid Diets were below average HEI ranges for Americans.Total kcals were the highest in the Liquid Diet (2143 kcal/d) and lowest in the Carnivore Diet (3102 kcal/d).Overall, adherence was high among adequacy components for fruits, vegetables, and protein, but low for whole grains.Sodium scores indicated submaximal adherence among all diets analyzed.Overall, the Carnivore and Ketogenic Diets had the potential for more nutritional inadequacies for vitamins and minerals compared to the other diets.Conclusions: The current analytical approach showed that most of the included popular fad dietary patterns have the potential to attain high DQ (HEI >80).Rather than suggesting one "best" diet or dietary pattern, there is opportunity to maximize DQ in the context of dietary patterns that are considered to be fad diets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".