Evaluating and Improving the Spatial Distribution Using GIS to Avoid Environmental Risks and Achieve Safety for Petrol Stations in the Nile District Center in Mahaweel / Iraq
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objectives of this research are to analyze the spatial distribution of petroleum stations in the Nile City/Al-Mahaweel District using multi-criteria analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS 10.8).The study aims to provide a clear picture of station distribution and spatial variations, explain the underlying reasons for this distribution for each station, and assess the spatial compatibility with planning standards and site requirements.The research also aims to enhance safety and security by optimizing station locations and mitigating potential risks.However, a research problem indicates that the distribution of stations in the Nile City/Al-Mahaweel District needs to adhere to planning standards.Stations are primarily located outside the city center, resulting in a need for more service provision for residents and visitors.This distribution poses environmental risks and compromises spatial safety.The research hypothesis suggests that adopting sustainable and analytical planning standards can enhance station efficiency, achieve optimal distribution, ensure spatial safety, and mitigate risks.The study was conducted in the Nile City/Al-Mahaweel District, where three fuel stations are located outside the municipal boundaries, with no stations within the district.Various assessments were made concerning fuel stations, including detailed maps of the actual conditions, hypothetical geographic maps, standard distance distribution maps, directional distribution maps, allocation area maps, and petroleum stations in the city.By comparing the current status of petroleum refueling stations with the standards and site requirements, a multi-criteria spatial analysis was conducted using seven essential criteria: minimum distance between the station and service facilities, residential areas, population density, community services, road networks, accessibility distance, and distance from power lines.Key findings of the research indicate that station distribution in the study area adheres to the established standards, criteria, and regulations set by relevant official bodies concerning safety and security.However, some fuel stations only partially comply with all criteria, while others exceed certain parameters.Proposed locations for fuel stations (Station A with an area of 5000 m² and Station B with an area of 4500 m² ) were determined based on planning standards to enhance the spatial distribution efficiency of stations and improve service provision to meet demand.Particularly, the Nile City/Al-Mahaweel District, which lacks fuel stations, relies on stations outside the municipal boundaries due to administrative divisions from the main district, resulting in insufficient station distribution that caters to the population's needs.The multi-criteria approach proves highly effective in determining the optimal number and location of petroleum stations within the city and district.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".