Is a sedentary lifestyle a leading causal factor of obesity and distress in type 2 diabetes? A cross-sectional study in low-socioeconomic areas of Karachi, Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, the burden of diabetes with obesity as comorbidity has intensely increased. Even though sedentary behaviour is not favourable for a healthy lifestyle, some people still live a sedentary lifestyle. There is a dire need to report cases of sedentary behaviour in people with diabetes and obesity in the slums of Karachi, Pakistan. Objectives: To assess the association of obesity and distress with sedentary behaviour among individuals with diabetes in slums and the associated factors. Methods: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 38 slums in Karachi, Pakistan, to determine the association of sedentary behaviour with poor glycaemic control and demographic factors. Data from August to September 2022 were analysed, and inferences were drawn. Results: Among the studied population, out of 493 participants, 273 (55%) were female of age range 46-55 years 109 (22%) belonged to body mass index class-1 obesity 110 (22%), with hypertension 205 (42%), showed sedentary behaviour with low-socioeconomic settlements 299 (61%), and belong to Pathan ethnicity 153 (31%). More participants were married 337 (68%), had low-socioeconomic status 299 (61%) and had a positive family history of diabetes 242 (49%). Conclusions: This study found that sedentary behaviour is significantly associated with the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. It causes a long turn effect that can only result in uncontrolled and poor glycaemic control in diabetes and metabolic imbalance. The study can promote a physical-induced work setup and spread awareness among illiterate people for awareness of disease complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".