The Potential Role of Bering Strait in the Dynamics of Multidecadal Variability in the North Atlantic: An Idealized Model Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Multidecadal variability on time scales between 20 and 70 years have been observed in the time series of North Atlantic SST. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain multidecadal variabilities in the Atlantic. Generally, it is the interaction between the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and North Atlantic surface buoyancy distribution that sustains this variability, with buoyancy anomalies either due to ocean-only processes or to air–sea interactions. In this context, the role of the Arctic Ocean, especially its freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, has been underappreciated. Bering Strait, the only oceanic pathway between the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, has been found important in Arctic Ocean freshwater budget and in modulating the time-averaged state and long-term response of the MOC to high-latitude buoyancy forcing anomalies, via freshwater transport between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. In this paper, we use idealized configurations that include a Pacific-like wide basin and an Atlantic-like narrow basin. The two basins are connected both in the south and north to longitudinally periodic channels, representing the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, respectively. The Pacific-like basin is opened to the north only through a shallow and narrow strait, while the Atlantic-like basin is fully open to the north. With the goal of studying the role of Bering Strait in the multidecadal variability, we find that the freshwater transport from the Bering Strait forms a tongue structure along the western boundary of the narrow basin, which enhances the local horizontal density gradient. The western boundary region becomes unstable to large-scale baroclinic anomalies, giving rise to multidecadal variability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".